Navigating in the outdoors using a map and compass is a skill that every outdoor enthusiast should learn. This skill is not only useful for soldiers, hikers and backpackers, but also for hunters, fishermen, and anyone who enjoys spending time outdoors. In this article, we will discuss the basics of navigating with a map and compass, including how to take a bearing.
What you will need
Get a good quality map and compass (like this). Make sure the map is current, accurate, and appropriate for the area you will be navigating. The compass should have a clear base plate, a rotating bezel with degree markings, and a directional arrow.
Orientating your Map
The next step is to orient the map to the terrain. This means that you need to turn the map until it is aligned with the actual landscape. To do this, find your location on the map and turn the map until the top of the map points north and the bottom points south. You can use landmarks on the map and in the terrain to help you with orientation.
Once the map is oriented, you can set your compass. Hold the compass flat in your hand with the base plate level. Rotate the bezel so that the index line is aligned with the direction of travel arrow. Point the directional arrow at a landmark in the distance and rotate the compass until the magnetic needle aligns with the orienting arrow. The direction of travel arrow now points in the direction of your chosen landmark.
Taking a Bearing
Taking a bearing means determining the direction of a particular landmark from your current location. To do this, follow these steps:
- Choose a landmark. Look at the map and choose a landmark that you can see in the distance. This could be a mountain peak, a distinctive tree, or a rock formation.
- Hold the compass flat. Hold the compass flat in your hand with the base plate level.
- Measure the distance from where you re to the chosen waypoint. This will depend on the map you are using. A 1:50,000 map or 1:25,000 are the most common scale of maps used. One millimetre is equal to 50 metres on a 1:50,000 and 25 metres on a 1:25,000.
- Align the compass. Rotate the bezel until the index line is aligned with the direction of travel arrow.
- Sight the landmark. Point the sighting mirror at the landmark you have chosen.
- Rotate the compass. Rotate the compass until the magnetic needle aligns with the orienting arrow.
- Read the bearing. Look at the degree markings on the bezel where the direction of travel arrow intersects. This is your bearing.
- Follow the bearing. Hold the compass in front of you with the direction of travel arrow pointing in the direction of the landmark you have chosen. Walk towards the landmark, keeping the compass aligned with the landmark and the direction of travel arrow.
- Take note of your pacing as you move towards the waypoint to keep your distance travelled accurate. Remember to take regular readings to check your progress and make sure you are still on course. If you find that you are off course, adjust your bearing to get back on track. Use landmarks on the map and in the terrain to help you find your way.
Finally…
Navigating with a map and compass is an essential skill for soldiers or anyone who spends time in the outdoors. By learning how to take a bearing, you can determine the direction of a particular landmark from your current location. With practice and experience, you can become more confident and skilled in your navigation abilities. Start with short, easy hikes in familiar terrain, and gradually work your way up to more challenging routes. With time and practice, you’ll be able to navigate confidently and safely in any environment. Always remember navigation is a skill and therefore you will need to keep practising to avoid skill fade.